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Response of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) to NPS and Urea Fertilizer Rate on Nitisols of Yeki District, Sheka Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
70-74
Received:
9 July 2021
Accepted:
16 July 2021
Published:
23 July 2021
Abstract: Ethiopian soils deficiency in Sulfur, boron, zinc, potassium, copper, manganese and iron potentially hold back crop productivity despite continued use of N and P fertilizers as per the blanket recommendation. Hence a field experiment was initiated to investigate the response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to NPS and urea fertilizers based on soil test under balanced condition. The study contained 14 treatments: Control, Recommended NP, 3 levels of NPS kgha-1 (150, 200, 300) and 3 levels of urea kgha-1 (150, 250, 350). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The results showed that NPS and urea rates of application significantly influenced yield and yield component of maize as compared to the control but non-significant difference as compared to the recommended NP rate. But the economics of fertilizer rates revealed that the maximum net benefit (37975.8 EB) was attained from the application of (150 NPS + 150 urea) kgha-1. From this study, it has been clearly understood that NPS and urea application to maize in this site beyond these rates or using recommended NP rate may not be economical and desirable. Therefore, this application rate may save farmers from incurring extra costs for recommended NP fertilizer, which is in excess for the study area.
Abstract: Ethiopian soils deficiency in Sulfur, boron, zinc, potassium, copper, manganese and iron potentially hold back crop productivity despite continued use of N and P fertilizers as per the blanket recommendation. Hence a field experiment was initiated to investigate the response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to NPS and urea fertilizers based on soil test unde...
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Antibacterial Activity of Secalonic Acid B Produced by Clonotachys sp., an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Picralima nitida Leaves
Kpan Nestor Gono,
Dodehe Yeo,
Abale Anatole Toty,
You Christiane Essoh,
Kacou Adele NDouba,
Gilles-Alex Pakora
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
75-80
Received:
22 July 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
9 August 2021
Abstract: Natural products and their derivatives have always been the major source of bioactive compounds used for the treatment of new and existing diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of the crude extract of an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Picralima nitida, a medicinal plant of the Apocynaceae family and to isolate and identify the molecule responsible for this activity. Thus, secalonic acid B isolated from the crude extract of an endophytic fungus was tested on six (06) pathogenic bacterial strains by agar diffusion method for strain susceptibility test. And the liquid diffusion test was used to determine the antibacterial parameters (BMC and MIC). The isolated endophytic fungus was identified by molecular biology methods as a strain of Clonotachys sp. The antibacterial test performed with the Clonotachys sp. extract showed inhibitory activity on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, 931/18 and 934/18) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (815/18) strains with inhibition diameters ranging from 18.43±1.05 to 7.56±0.73 mm. This extract has a bactericidal power on these strains. As for the secalonic acid B isolated from this fungal extract, it also showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with bactericidal power. The endophytic fungus Clonotachys sp. is therefore a potential source of antibacterial compounds.
Abstract: Natural products and their derivatives have always been the major source of bioactive compounds used for the treatment of new and existing diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of the crude extract of an endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of Picralima nitida, a medicinal plant of the Apocynace...
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Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Study in Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)
Endashaw Girma Seyoum,
Alemnesh Sisay
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
81-86
Received:
22 July 2021
Accepted:
13 August 2021
Published:
26 August 2021
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a high-yielding crop with a wide range of adaptability, and it is the world's and Ethiopia's principal source of food. In Ethiopia, however, wheat productivity has increased in recent years. Due to abiotic like heat, drought, frost and others and biotic like rusts (Stem, yellow and leaf), Septoria, fusarium and others causes, it is still quite low when compared to other wheat-producing countries. The objectives were to test variability of genotypic and phenotypic and also heritability and genetic advance in bread wheat genotypes. Hence, in this studied conducted on 30 bread wheat genotypes of yield and associated traits was assessed. A trial was undertaken Holetta in Ethiopia in 2018/19 cropping season. The materials were tested using a three-replication alpha lattice pattern. Data on yield and associated traits were analyzed using SAS versions 9.3 software. The heritability estimates for 1000 kernel weight were found to be very high, at 81.14 percent. The trait 1000 kernel weight was also shown to have a high heritability couple with a high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. So it concluded that 1000 kernel weight may be targeted as the selection criteria for the grain yield improvement However, further study needs to be conducted the future bread wheat breeding effort should be focus on varietal development.
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a high-yielding crop with a wide range of adaptability, and it is the world's and Ethiopia's principal source of food. In Ethiopia, however, wheat productivity has increased in recent years. Due to abiotic like heat, drought, frost and others and biotic like rusts (Stem, yellow and leaf), Septoria, fusarium and other...
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Could Antimullerian Hormone Play a Role in Fertilization Failure in ICSI Application
Tulay Irez,
Onur Güralp,
Hakan Yelke,
Semra Kahraman
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
87-91
Received:
7 August 2021
Accepted:
20 August 2021
Published:
10 September 2021
Abstract: Aim: Failed fertilization (FF) occurs in approximately 2–3% of ICSI cycles and is mainly due to lack of oocyte activation. The reasons of total fertilization insufficiency in ICSI applications can be listed as mitosis errors, sperm aster formation defects, sperm decondensation defects, PN formation defects and oocyte activation defects. In this study, sperm functions, oocyte morphology, hormone levels and possible effects of gonadotropins used in the treatment were investigated retrospectively. Material and Methods: In this study, semen parameters and sperm functions, oocyte morphology, basal hormone values and treatment processes of 32 fertilization failure cases and 91 fertile controls were compared. Results: It was found that age of female and male, basal FSH value and gonadotropin used in the treatment process were higher in total fertilization failure cases compared to fertile controls (p = 0.004, p = 0.041, p = 0.008, p = 0.004). Basal AMH level, total oocyte count, M2 oocyte count, quality oocyte count and normal ZP percentage were lower in fertilization failure cases (p = 0.002, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.008, p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sperm functions. Conclusions: It was understood that high FSH and low AMH levels and high-dose gonadotropin treatment in cases with optimal sperm quality may cause oocyte cytoplasmic and zona pellucida abnormalities, and it should be discussed as a cause of fertilization failure.
Abstract: Aim: Failed fertilization (FF) occurs in approximately 2–3% of ICSI cycles and is mainly due to lack of oocyte activation. The reasons of total fertilization insufficiency in ICSI applications can be listed as mitosis errors, sperm aster formation defects, sperm decondensation defects, PN formation defects and oocyte activation defects. In this stu...
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