-
Evaluation of Antibiotic Potential of Crude Culture Extract of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Multi-Drug Resistance Farm Animal Pathogens
Abdulkadir Musliu,
Sulaimon Adebisi,
Samira Arzika
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
20-24
Received:
15 April 2021
Accepted:
7 May 2021
Published:
20 May 2021
Abstract: The present study evaluate the antibiotic potential of crude culture extract of lactic acid bacteria on multi-drugs resistance farm animal pathogen. Eight (8) different pathogens associated with Farm animals were used in this study. The pathogens were collected from different part of the body of different animal which include, Vagina of cow, Stool of cow; Male cow anus; Vagina of sheep; Vagina of goat, Male Goat Anus, Penis of goat and Female goat anus. The Confirmation of Pathogens, Isolation of crude extract of Lactic acid bacteria, Cell Free Supernatant and determination of antibacterial activity was done using standard method. The results show that Streptococcus agalactiae VIS, Staphylococcus aureus STC and Escherichia coli VRC were resistance to 4 out of 13 antibiotics. While Staphylococcus aureus FGA, and Escherichia coli (PEG, MGA and VRG) were resistances to 3 out of 13 antibiotic tested. Staphylococcus aureus MCA is sensitive to all antibiotics tested. Clear zone of inhibition was observed in both the Crude Culture Extract (CCE) and Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) of Lactic Acid Bacteria which ranged from 7mm to 25mm. The results further revealed that both Crude Culture Extract (CCE) and Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) of Lactic Acid Bacteria can be used in the in the treatment of multidrug resistance of pathogens. The isolation process of Crude Culture Extract (CCE) and it uses as an antibacterial agent is a simple process that do not required the use of any sophisticated equipment and techniques, thus it may be use in the treatment of multidrug resistance pathogens in both local and modern animal farms.
Abstract: The present study evaluate the antibiotic potential of crude culture extract of lactic acid bacteria on multi-drugs resistance farm animal pathogen. Eight (8) different pathogens associated with Farm animals were used in this study. The pathogens were collected from different part of the body of different animal which include, Vagina of cow, Stool ...
Show More
-
Evaluation of Stripe Rust (Puccinia Striformis f. sp. Tritici) Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia
Alemu Ayele Zerihun,
Getnet Muche Abebile,
Lidiya Tilahun Hadis,
Tamirat Negash Gure,
Daniel Kassa Taklemariam,
Fikrte Yirga,
Hawila Tesfaye,
Shumi Regassa Gemeda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
25-31
Received:
19 April 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Adult Plant Resistance (APR) based on partial resistance is an important and effective way to combat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) in wheat production. The objective of current research was planned to evaluate the response of 436 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes against yellow rust resistance under field conditions during 2020 main cropping season. Over locations, Partial resistance screening was evaluated through Final Rust Severity (FRS), Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), Coefficient of Infection (CI), Relative Area under Disease Progress Curve (rAUDPC) and field reaction have used for differentiating Adult plant resistances. Responses of four hundred thirty six genotypes, one hundred fourteen wheat lines were high adult plant resistance, fifty eight lines were found to be intermediate adult plant resistant and two hundred sixty four were low adult plant resistance over location. With rAUDPC values over location twenty seven were 1-10 shown resistant, eighty seven lines were 11-30 categorized as moderately susceptible and three hundred twenty two genotypes exhibited susceptible response against yellow rust with more than 31-100 rAUDPC value. High values above 31 prcent of rAUDPC showed greater severity of yellow rust on wheat genotypes while lower rAUDPC values indicated resistance to yellow rust. Fifty bread wheat genotypes that were selected based on overall agronomic performance (biomass, spike length, number of spikes/m2, tillering capacity, stalk strength or lodging resistance, shattering resistance and diseases resistance especially yellow rust and Septoria blotch. Three genotypes were EBW192345, EBW192346 and EBW192347 extraordinarily out performed evaluated materials phenotypically in terms of agronomic performance and diseases resistance over locations. The present study revealed that the lines were having enough diversity regarding slow rusting behavior and yellow rust resistance, ranging from immunity to partial resistant lines. Present research provided the resistant wheat lines to the breeders to incorporate in their breeding program against yellow rust.
Abstract: Adult Plant Resistance (APR) based on partial resistance is an important and effective way to combat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) in wheat production. The objective of current research was planned to evaluate the response of 436 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes against yellow rust resistance under field conditions during 2020 main cropping...
Show More
-
Diagnosing COVID-19 with Xception + Bi-LSTM: Detecting Anomalies with Grad-CAM
Eric Dawson Oh,
Jeong Gyoun Song,
Yeon-Joon Jordan Kim,
Wonse Kim
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
32-38
Received:
7 May 2021
Accepted:
24 May 2021
Published:
3 June 2021
Abstract: To successfully contain the spread of COVID-19, the importance of swift and accurate testing is unparalleled. Currently, PCR tests are most commonly utilized to detect COVID-19, yet these tests typically consume 24 hours—not a short period of time. Hence, new deep learning algorithms have been under development to accurately and quickly detect COVID-19. With this aim, we have proposed a deep learning model to determine the presence of COVID-19 using X-ray images by combining Xception with Bi-LSTM. Altering the output from the Xception network into a three-dimensional shape rendered the ensuing Bi-LSTM network compatible. Consequently, the novel model yielded a high accuracy rate of 98.5%, one greater than the accuracy rates of VGG16, Densenet, Mobilenet, Mobilenet_v2, Resnet50, and DNN models. Moreover, with the creation of a heatmap, by using a Class Activation Map, our model could specifically locate the anomaly. However, our model could not yield high accuracy when we applied it to the lung ct scan dataset. Even though training and validation accuracy kept rising, the test accuracy was far lower than them. Furthermore, with limitations including a small sample size, inflated accuracy rates for binary classification, and incompatibility with CT images, follow-up research will need to ensue to perfect the model at hand.
Abstract: To successfully contain the spread of COVID-19, the importance of swift and accurate testing is unparalleled. Currently, PCR tests are most commonly utilized to detect COVID-19, yet these tests typically consume 24 hours—not a short period of time. Hence, new deep learning algorithms have been under development to accurately and quickly detect COVI...
Show More
-
Global Drug Repurposing Research from 2000 to 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
39-47
Received:
13 May 2021
Accepted:
24 May 2021
Published:
3 June 2021
Abstract: Objectives: Drug repurposing (DR), a promising tool to accelerate drug discovery, has increasingly drawn scientists’ attention. This study aims to explore the landscape of DR through visualization analysis on DR-related publications. Methods: Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection between 2000 and 2018. Data was analyzed in terms of publication outputs, journals, countries, institutions, authors, co-authorship, co-citation, research hotspots and evolution trends through VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: From 2000 to 2018, we can see a continuous growth in the number of DR related publications. PLoS One published the highest number of publications, followed by Scientific Reports, Oncotarget and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. The United States (USA) was the most leading country in DR research, in terms of publications, institutions, co-authorship and co-citation. Talevi A (Argentina) was the most productive authors and Ashburn TT (USA) contributed the most cited articles in this area. The hotspots of DR research were cancer, drug discovery, apoptosis, polypharmacology and virtual screening, whereas the emerging trends of DR were connectivity map, database, pathway and apoptosis. Conclusions: This study might help beginners to quickly understand the cutting-edge knowledge, mainstream research directions, hot spots and research trends of this research field.
Abstract: Objectives: Drug repurposing (DR), a promising tool to accelerate drug discovery, has increasingly drawn scientists’ attention. This study aims to explore the landscape of DR through visualization analysis on DR-related publications. Methods: Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection between 2000 and 2018. Data was analyzed in ter...
Show More
-
Participatory Selection of Potato (Solanium tuberosum L.) Varieties in the Highland Areas of Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Arega Amdie,
Solomon Teshome,
Beriso Wako
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
48-54
Received:
2 December 2020
Accepted:
6 April 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food security and cash crop for farmers in highland parts of Ethiopia, particularly in Guji zone where it is grown by farmers and seed producers abundantly. However, in the highland areas of Guji zone an access, well adapted, résistance to late blight and high yielder potato variety is highly limited. Due to this reason, there is an urgent need to develop and replace the previous underproduction varieties that suit for the area. As a result, an experiment was conducted in the highland areas of Guji Zone at Bore on-station and three farmers’ fields (Abayi kuture, Raya boda, and Bube korsa) during 2019/20 cropping season to select and recommend high yielding, and diseases résistance improved potato varieties through participatory variety selection. Six (6) improved potato varieties (Gudanie, Belete, Jalenie, Dagim, Horro, and Bubu) were used as testing crop. The treatments were arranged in randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications for mother trial and farmers were used as replication for baby trials. Both agronomic and farmers data were collected based on the recommended standards. Data collected from mother trail were subjected to analysis of variance where as matrix ranking was used for data collected from baby trials. The analysis of variance indicated that significant differences observed at (P≤ 0.05) among the tested Irish potato varieties for day to 50% emergence and flowering, stem number per hill, tuber number per hill, marketable and total tuber yield. However, non-significant difference was observed at (P> 0.05) among the varieties for days to days to 90% maturity, plant height, tuber weight and unmarketable tuber yield. The highest marketable tuber yield was (48.17t/ha) was recorded for Belete followed by Bubu and Gudanie (35.35 and 34.3t/ha) respectively. But, the lowest marketable tuber yield (18.07t/ha) was obtained from improved Dagim variety. In other cases, farmers were allowed to evaluate the varieties using their own criteria. Accordingly, variety Bubu and Gudanie were selected by farmers due to their resistant to disease, stem number, tuber size, tuber color, tuber eye depth, number of tubers and marketability. Therefore, these two improved Irish potato varieties are selected based on agronomic data result and farmers preference and recommended for production to the highland areas of Guji zone.
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food security and cash crop for farmers in highland parts of Ethiopia, particularly in Guji zone where it is grown by farmers and seed producers abundantly. However, in the highland areas of Guji zone an access, well adapted, résistance to late blight and high yielder potato variety is high...
Show More
-
Vaccine Against SARS-COV-2, Questions Arising: Just Another Citizen’s Opinion
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
55-69
Received:
10 June 2021
Accepted:
23 June 2021
Published:
29 June 2021
Abstract: Vaccines are being and still remain a major public health tool since the “pus inocula” era when Edward Jenner using materials from Cow Pox, developed what is no known as the vaccine against Small Pox, however, unlike Edwards’s method of inoculation, todays; vaccines have other ingredients needed to stabilized the active ingredient, and also to deliver this antigen stimulating product into the human body. With the introduction of COVID-19 into the global arena, many governments and policy makers in conduction with certain scientists, have emphasized vaccine as the ONLY panacea if the world was to effectively combat or contain this pandemic, is this scientific? In January 2021, many vaccine candidates against the etiological agents for COVID-19 according to the WHO, SARS-COV-19, got emergency use authorization (EUA) globally, and four months into globally push vaccination, questions are being raised, especially as to the effectiveness or safety of these vaccines. This writer, seek to present some of these questions from a citizen’s level perspective and wonder if the world governments are deliberating repeating the Nuremburg atrocities, that led to the Nuremburg Code. Just another scientist with a medical research background soliloquizing and hopefully stimulate vigorous uncensored scientific debate.
Abstract: Vaccines are being and still remain a major public health tool since the “pus inocula” era when Edward Jenner using materials from Cow Pox, developed what is no known as the vaccine against Small Pox, however, unlike Edwards’s method of inoculation, todays; vaccines have other ingredients needed to stabilized the active ingredient, and also to deli...
Show More
