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Species Diversity and Floristic Analysis of the Family Poaceae in Libya Depending on the Flora of Libya
Fathi Goma Al-Sghair,
Mohammed Hadi Mahklouf,
Ebtisam Ali Abudaya
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
13-21
Received:
8 June 2019
Accepted:
9 July 2019
Published:
23 July 2019
Abstract: The goal of this research was to investigate the species diversity and floristic analysis of the family Poaceae in Libya depending on the data provided from the Flora of Libya series. 3 species (Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K., Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.) Clayton and Chloris gayana Kunth.) were added as a new record to the family Poaceae in Libya. Results revealed that the family Poaceae in Libya is composed of 229 species belonging to 92 genera. Simpson’s Diversity index showed that the Family Poaceae has high diversity. The largest genera in the Family Poaceae in the flora of Libya are Stipagrostis and Bromus, which include 13 species. There are (13 species) of Stipagrostis in Libya (26%) of 50 species in the world. The life forms and chorological spectra of plant species were determined. There are no trees and shrubs species in our data, this due to the difficulties for the species to grow in dry habitat. It appears that annual and perennial life forms are the preferable strategy in the temperate deserts of Libya. Therophytes showed the maximum number of species (62.2%), followed by Hemicryptophytes (19.65%), Geophytes (13.5%) and Therophytes - Hemicryptophytes (2.62%). The results obtained from the geographical distribution of the species showed that the highest percentage is (31.88%) for the Mediterranean region, followed by (14.85%) Mediterranean / Irano-Turanian regions. Distribution of species clearly shows that the majority of species of the family Poaceae are located within the Mediterranean region.
Abstract: The goal of this research was to investigate the species diversity and floristic analysis of the family Poaceae in Libya depending on the data provided from the Flora of Libya series. 3 species (Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K., Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.) Clayton and Chloris gayana Kunth.) were added as a new record to the family Poa...
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Anti-bacterial Activity of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and Jaundea pinnata Against Plasmid-bearing Multiple Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria from Different Water Sources in Akure, Nigeria
Alaofin Sefunmi,
Onifade Anthony Kayode
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
22-26
Received:
6 June 2019
Accepted:
10 July 2019
Published:
26 July 2019
Abstract: This study aims at assessing the antibacterial efficacies of some plant leaves. In this study, the antibacterial efficacies of Tithonia diversifolia Harm, Secamore afzelli Linn, and Jaundea pinnata Linn were assayed against plasmid-bearing multiple antibiotics resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different water sources in Akure local government, Nigeria. The extracts of the plant leaves were prepared using cold water, hot water, Petroleum ether and Ethanolic solvents. The plant leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and Jaundea pinnata were air-dried and pulverized using an electric blender which were soaked in 1 liter of solvent each for 72 hours after which it was sieved using muslin cloth and filtered using Whatman No 1 filter paper. Filtrates collected in beaker were concentrated in vacuousing rotary evaporator. The extracts were then reconstituted in tween 20 and sterilized with the aid of Millipore membrane filter. Agar well diffusion technique was done by using 1 ml aliquot of 18 hours broth culture that had been adjusted to the 0.5 McFarland standards which was dispensed into sterile Petri dishes and molten sterile Muller-Hinton agar was aseptically poured into the plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Clear zones around the wells were measured in millilitres. The minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts that showed antimicrobial activity were reconstituted by diluting 0.5 g of each in 10 ml of Tween 20 and then sterilized by passing through sterile Millipore membrane filter (0.45 µl). Different concentration of the extracts (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 mg/ml) was used. From this research work, it was observed that the highest plant extract yield was seen in the ethanolic extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and cold water extracts of Jaundea pinnata having 17.8%, 8.6% and 15.7% respectively while the lowest yield was observed in petroleum ether extracts of Secamore afzelli. From the antibacterial analysis, it was observed that Hot water extract of J. pinnata inhibited Acinetobacter baumanni, Salmonella typhimurum while the cold water extracts of T. diversifolia inhibited Enterobacter aerogenes and Shigella dysenteriae.
Abstract: This study aims at assessing the antibacterial efficacies of some plant leaves. In this study, the antibacterial efficacies of Tithonia diversifolia Harm, Secamore afzelli Linn, and Jaundea pinnata Linn were assayed against plasmid-bearing multiple antibiotics resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different water sources in Akure local gov...
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Microbiological Analysis of Top Soil and Rhizosphere Treated with Organic Manure
Aniefon Alphonsus Ibuot,
Iniobong Ime James,
Mayen Godwin Ben,
Christiana Utibe Etuk,
Agnes Monday Jones,
Emmanuel Anthony Umoren,
Elizabeth Lazarus Akpan,
Esther Ndarake Akpan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
27-31
Received:
6 June 2019
Accepted:
12 July 2019
Published:
26 July 2019
Abstract: Microbiological analysis of topsoil and rhizosphere treated with organic manure (Poultry droppings) was carried out. Soil samples were analyzed at three days interval (Day 1, Day 4, Day 7 and Day 10). The total bacterial count recorded for rhizosphere soil treated with poultry droppings (RS:P) had the highest bacterial count ranging between 2.1×106 and 5.7×106 CFU/g. Top soil treated with poultry droppings had total bacterial count ranging between 1.9×106 and 4.9×106 CFU/g. The controls (untreated rhizosphere soil) had a total bacterial count ranging between 2.6×106 and 4.0×106 CFU/g and untreated topsoil had bacterial count ranging between 1.4×106 and 2.4×106 CFU/g. Total fungal count for top soil treated with poultry droppings ranged between 0.2×106 and 0.9×106 CFU/g. Total fungal count for rhizosphere soil treated with poultry droppings ranged between 0.2×106 and 0.3×106 CFU/g. Untreated top soil had total fungal count ranging between 0.1×106 and 0.2×106 CFU/g while untreated rhizosphere soil had a total fungal count ranging between 0.1×106 and 0.2×106 CFU/g. Bacterial isolates identified with their percentage frequency of occurrence were Bacillus sp (16.8), Enterococus sp (8.4), Clostridium sp (4.0), Staphylococcus sp (8.0) Pseudomonas sp (15.6), Listeria sp (12.0), Micrococcus sp (14.0), Serratia sp (4.8) and Streptococcus sp (7.2). Fungal isolates identified with their percentage frequency of occurrence were Rhizosphere sp (26.7%), Penicillium sp (22.5%), Aspergillus sp (21.1%), Mucor sp (19.7%) and lastly Cladosporium sp (9.8%). Metabolites secreted by the root system act as chemical signal attracting high population of microorganisms. The application of organic manure to the soil enhanced the microbial population of the soil, hence the need to apply organic manure to soil to enhance agricultural sustainably.
Abstract: Microbiological analysis of topsoil and rhizosphere treated with organic manure (Poultry droppings) was carried out. Soil samples were analyzed at three days interval (Day 1, Day 4, Day 7 and Day 10). The total bacterial count recorded for rhizosphere soil treated with poultry droppings (RS:P) had the highest bacterial count ranging between 2.1×106...
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