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Review on Milk Yield Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cows in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
37-41
Received:
9 August 2023
Accepted:
25 August 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Crossbreeding had been initiated and put into practice in various parts of Ethiopia for a very long time to improve milk yield performance. This review was conducted to review and generating compiled information on milk production traits such as daily milk yield (DMY), lactation length (LL), and lactation milk yield of cross breed dairy cattle in Ethiopia. Review results of milk production performances in Ethiopia varied greatly from one genotype to another. The on-station lactation milk yield, lactation length and daily milk yield were ranged from 1293.01±23.70 to 2957.46±72.98 liters, 298.68±5.17 to 374.05±7.24 days, 4.18±5 to 8.70±0.17 liters, respectively, whereas the on-farm review results were ranged from 631.69±222.98 to 2705.43 liters, 241.65±26.22 to 310.91±41.83 days and 7.30±0.16 to 9.91 liters, respectively. Among the genotypes, the 50% F1 and 75% Holstein Friesian first generations were considered suitable for milk production parameters. The on-station development of 50% F2, F3, and 75% second generations showed low milk production. Regardless of blood level and genotype difference, the performance of on-farm crossbred cows was almost similar to on-station experimental cows. Crossbred cows were affected by non-genetic factors like year, season, and parity, depending on the breed and study location. In general, crossbred cows have good milk yield performances compared to indigenous (local) breeds. However, crossbred animals could not exploit their maximum potentials because animals are subjected to different environmental effects.
Abstract: Crossbreeding had been initiated and put into practice in various parts of Ethiopia for a very long time to improve milk yield performance. This review was conducted to review and generating compiled information on milk production traits such as daily milk yield (DMY), lactation length (LL), and lactation milk yield of cross breed dairy cattle in E...
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Promotion of Improved Tef (Eragrostis Tef) Technologies Through Cluster-Based Large-Scale Demonstration in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, Ethiopia
Truayinet Mekuriaw,
Yazachew Genet,
Abune Gudeta,
Wubishet Chiche,
Habtamu Geremew,
Mohammed Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
42-47
Received:
20 July 2023
Accepted:
8 August 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Technology awareness and adoption by farmers in Ethiopia are low. Therefore, the study was conducted to improve farmers’ awareness, and enhance the adoption of full package Tef production technologies. The large-scale demonstration was implemented in two regional states using the Tef variety Dagim, Ebba and Boset for two years (2020-2021). The demonstration was implemented in three districts (Boset, Becho in Oromia region and Shebel Berenta in Amhara region) covering 9 kebeles and 100 hectares of land. A total of 212 households, including 29 women-headed households participated in the activity. Participated farmers contributed a land size of 0.25 to 1 hectares. The findings of the study showed that the improved variety of Tef showed better performance in grain yield where variety Specifically, Dagim variety gave 2370 kgha-1 and 2580 kgha-1 in Becho and Shebel Berenta districts respectively, whereas 2280 and 2480 kgha-1 were obtained from variety Ebba at the same location. In moisture deficit areas of Boset district, the average yield of Boset and Bora variety was 2260 kgha-1 and 2350 kgha-1 respectively, compared to the farmer’s practice of 222 kgha-1 in highland area and 211 in lowland areas. The technology gap (TG) for the demonstrated varieties ranged from 540 to 725 kgha−1, indicating that the technologies have not been adopted. Similarly, the extension gap ranged from 150to 275 kgha−1, highlighting the need to strengthen the extension approaches to bridge the gap. The results demonstrate that the varieties are the best fitted, and the large scale demonstration approach significantly increased yield s compared to the farmers’ local cultivars and traditional practices. Thus, to ensure a sustainable production of improved Tef technologies, both the extension and the seed system should be considered to deliver the seed supply for the entire Tef producers.
Abstract: Technology awareness and adoption by farmers in Ethiopia are low. Therefore, the study was conducted to improve farmers’ awareness, and enhance the adoption of full package Tef production technologies. The large-scale demonstration was implemented in two regional states using the Tef variety Dagim, Ebba and Boset for two years (2020-2021). The demo...
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Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Related Traits of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Moisture Stress Areas of Borana
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
48-53
Received:
30 January 2023
Accepted:
7 July 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Thirty-six bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 6*6 simple lattice design at Yabello on station. The experiment was objected to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variance, heritability, genetic advance and coefficient of variation analysis of yield and yield contributing traits and to identify the trait and breeding procedure for bread wheat yield and yield contributing traits improvement. The result revealed difference among genotypes for all measured traits except harvest index. The estimates of genetic phenotypic variance were greater than genetic variance for all traits. The highest genetic variability was recorded for days to maturity 46.09 while the lowest was recorded for harvest index (0.0002). Among all traits, higher GCV and PCV values (>20%) were observed for grain yield and spike length while the lowest GCV and PCV values (<10%) were recorded for days to maturity, thousand seed weight, plant height and harvest index. The result revealed, all traits showed, in the range of high heritability above 60%. The knowledge on heritability of traits is helpful to decide the selection procedure to be followed to improve the trait in a situation. Generally, direct selection may be effective based on days to maturity, grain yield, and total biomass yield to develop a high yielding bread wheat variety with better quality. For the traits like plant height, thousand seed weight and harvest index Heterosis breeding is suitable to develop a variety. Therefore, it was suggested that breeders should consider the yield related traits to get the desired genetic constitute for future breeding strategy.
Abstract: Thirty-six bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 6*6 simple lattice design at Yabello on station. The experiment was objected to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variance, heritability, genetic advance and coefficient of variation analysis of yield and yield contributing traits and to identify the trait and breeding procedure for bread wheat...
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Sorghum as a Model Crop for Drought Stress Tolerance
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
54-65
Received:
4 August 2023
Accepted:
23 August 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Sorghum is one of the most significant C4 cereal crops grown in dry and semi-arid regions of the world. It is a major staple crop for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Drought is an important constraint on agricultural production and productivity around the world. It has a significant impact on plant growth, development, and yields. Drought stress risks food security by having a substantial impact on sorghum growth and development, grain yields, and nutritional quality. Sorghum has become known as a drought-tolerant model crop when compared with many other crops. Its ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions makes it a feasible model crop for studying abiotic stress responses and developing stress-tolerant crops. Sorghum response and/or tolerance mechanisms include morphological, physiological, and molecular changes. Drought stress tolerance mechanisms in sorghum include drought escape, early flowering, stay-green, drought avoidance, leaf area, osmotic adjustment, stomata-mediated drought responses, cuticular wax production, root characteristics, and drought tolerance. Biotechnology and its advanced approaches, such as QTL, marker-assisted backcrossing, genetic engineering, and others, are used for screening drought-tolerant genotypes that can withstand drought stress. Therefore, focusing on the drought-tolerant genotypes will boost the speed of the sorghum breeding program, which will feed millions of people worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract: Sorghum is one of the most significant C4 cereal crops grown in dry and semi-arid regions of the world. It is a major staple crop for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Drought is an important constraint on agricultural production and productivity around the world. It has a significant impact on plant growth, development, and ...
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Relationships and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] Genotypes at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia
Ababa Chimdi,
Bulti Tesso,
Chemeda Daba,
Melkamu Asfawu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
66-71
Received:
1 August 2023
Accepted:
16 August 2023
Published:
8 September 2023
Abstract: Finger millet is a major grain crop in Ethiopia, but due to a lack of high-yielding cultivars and a lack of genetic information, production is not at its genetic potential. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield in finger millet genotypes as well as the relationship between yield and yield-related variables. The current study was carried out at the Mechara Agricultural Research Center during the 2021 cropping season. Sixty-four finger millet accessions, including three checks: Ikhulule, Meba, and Kumsa, were examined for 17 characteristics using an 8 × 8 simple lattice design. The findings indicated that, both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels, grain yield had a highly significant positive connection with the number of productive tillers (0.59), thousand grain weight (0.43), biomass yield (0.47), harvest index (0.41), leaf numbers (0.32), ear weight (0.41), and number of ears (0.32). At both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, the biomass yield (0.812) and harvest index (0.803) showed a strong positive direct influence on grain yield. Therefore, to develop a high-yielding finger millet genotype, the traits of number of productive tillers, thousand grain weight, biomass yield, harvest index, leaf numbers, ear weight, and number of ears should be carefully considered in developing an effective selection strategy.
Abstract: Finger millet is a major grain crop in Ethiopia, but due to a lack of high-yielding cultivars and a lack of genetic information, production is not at its genetic potential. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield in finger millet genotypes as well as the relationship be...
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Factors Responsible for the Success of Anther Culture in Pepper Plant: A Review
Ousman Yimer,
Mohammed Abu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
72-75
Received:
14 August 2023
Accepted:
30 August 2023
Published:
14 September 2023
Abstract: Following the first successful plant regeneration from pepper in 1973, numerous research projects have been carried out to determine the factors influencing the induction of pepper plant regeneration and for the optimization of an anther culture in pepper. However, a variety of factors, are responsible for successful production of embryos. Critical factors for embryo production and plantlet regeneration are growing condition, donor plants growth conditions, selection of flower buds with microspores at the proper time and stage, and etc. This paper reviewed findings on three important factors responsible for the success of anther culture which is valuable for future research works and to understand factors in the development of haploid plants aimed at accelerating the breeding programs of pepper plants. One of the factors influencing the growth of anther culture is the effects of the growing season. The highest embryogenic yields were recorded with a genotype of growing in the summer season than that of winter season. The genotype of the donor plant is the second most crucial factor affecting androgenic potential, and it is essential to know the developmental time of pollen that can enhance anther culture efficiency. The breeding process for the development of plant varieties with high yield, disease resistance, and better quality attributes can be sped up by using a highly reproducible anther culture technique with optimized culture variables. In addition to the aforementioned variables, other factors would be taken into consideration for the effective development of another culture in pepper.
Abstract: Following the first successful plant regeneration from pepper in 1973, numerous research projects have been carried out to determine the factors influencing the induction of pepper plant regeneration and for the optimization of an anther culture in pepper. However, a variety of factors, are responsible for successful production of embryos. Critical...
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Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea): Variation in Morphological and Yield Traits Across Sri Lanka's Agro-Climatic Zones and Genetic Diversity Assessment
Susanga Malki,
Sivashoby Sivalingam,
Amani Wijesinghe,
Kamani Ratnayake,
Radhika Gimhani
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
76-84
Received:
26 June 2023
Accepted:
11 July 2023
Published:
14 September 2023
Abstract: Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is an underutilized tuber crop in Sri Lanka. Morphological characterization of arrowroot is necessary for its selection, improvement, and utilization. This study evaluated thirteen quantitative and four qualitative plant morphological traits across the arrowroot populations in Sri Lanka's seven agro-climatic zones. Principal component analysis was done to identify the lead plant morphological traits for arrowroot plant and cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity level among collected plant populations. Twenty M. arundinacea genotypes from different agro ecological regions of Sri Lanka were screened for genetic diversity using ISSR markers. Nine of the thirteen quantitative morphological traits were found to be significantly distinct from one another. Most plant populations had high similarities, indicating that planting materials can be collected from all of the country’s agro-climatic zones and used for breeding programmes. Seven out of thirteen quantitative plant morphological traits were identified as lead plant morphological traits for production of quality rhizomes for crop selection, improvement, and application in Sri Lanka. Outcome of this first study on morphological characterization of arrowroot in Sri Lanka suggests that, for effective utilization of arrowroot, plant populations can be used from all seven agro-climatic zones for selection and crop improvement. Five ISSR markers produced 53 bands in total across 20 samples, with an average frequency of 10.6 bands per primer. The ISSR-PCR analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism (94.34%). Primer UBC 811 has the highest PIC value (0.428), indicating that it is the most informative marker for assessing genetic diversity in M. arundinacea. The genotypes from the wet zone and dry zone were categorized individually based on the dendrogram created using UPGMA cluster analysis. The study found genetic variety in M. arundinacea based on their varied agro ecological zones, and the current findings will be useful in future crop improvement efforts in M. arundinacea.
Abstract: Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is an underutilized tuber crop in Sri Lanka. Morphological characterization of arrowroot is necessary for its selection, improvement, and utilization. This study evaluated thirteen quantitative and four qualitative plant morphological traits across the arrowroot populations in Sri Lanka's seven agro-climatic zones. P...
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