Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Different Plant Species Grown in Three Land Use Types in Wensho and Shebidino Districts of Sidama in Southern Ethiopia
Beyene Dobo,
Fassil Asefa,
Zebene Asfaw
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
25-34
Received:
13 June 2016
Accepted:
1 July 2016
Published:
21 July 2016
Abstract: Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of culturally protected forest, agroforestry practices, and mono-cropping lands has been investigated in Wensho and Shebedino districts of Sidama Zone in Southern Ethiopia. Rhizosphere soil and root samples of plant components from each land use type were analyzed for spore density, diversity and AM-root colonization. Except some non-mycorrhizal plants, all plants surveyed in the three land-use types showed AMF colonization ranging from 50 to 91%. A total of 29 AMF morphospecies, belonging to nine genera (Acaulospora, Glomus, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Pacispora, Septoglomus, Rhizophugus, Scutellospora and Gigaspora), were identified in the rhizospheres of selected plants in the three land uses. Spores of four genera Rhizophugus, Glomus, Funneliformis, and Acaulospora had higher spore production, accounting for 36.22%, 21.20%, 19.39%, 17.54% and 11.74% of the total number of spores respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that spore density and root colonization of different AM structures varied greatly among plant species both within and between different land-use types. Spore density was higher in culturally protected forest and AM colonization was higher in the agroforestry. The lowest number of spores and the lowest percentage of root colonization were recorded in cropland. When land use types were considered separately or together no significant correlation between spore densities and AM colonization was observed. The result of the study indicates that mono-cropping reduces spore density and AM colonization in comparison with the culturally protected forest and the agroforestry.
Abstract: Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of culturally protected forest, agroforestry practices, and mono-cropping lands has been investigated in Wensho and Shebedino districts of Sidama Zone in Southern Ethiopia. Rhizosphere soil and root samples of plant components from each land use type were analyzed for spore density, diversity and AM-r...
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Bioprospecting Potential of Ocimum basilicum for Access and Benefit Sharing Around Bahir Dar City Administration, West Gojam and Northwest Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Amare Seifu Assefa,
Ashenafi Ayenew Hailu,
Edeget Merawi Betsiha,
Taye Birhanu Belay,
Abiyselassie Mulatu Gashaw,
Yibrehu Emshaw Ketema
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
35-42
Received:
18 July 2016
Accepted:
28 July 2016
Published:
12 August 2016
Abstract: The genus Ocimum is positioned high among some of the amazing herbs for having vast medicinal potentialities. Ocimum basilicum L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family referred to as the ‘King of Herbs’ has been used extremely as a traditional medicine for various diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the Bioprospecting potential of Ocimum basilicum for access and benefit sharing around Bahir Dar City Administration, West Gojam and Northwest Gondar Zones, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Accordingly, an assessment was carried out in two Zones and Bahar Dar City Administration, in 100 randomly selected households in ten different Kebeles (the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia). Based on the interview and field observation there were variations in the distribution of Ocimum basilicum in the study Kebeles. The result of this study showed that the distribution patterns of Ocimum basilicum in most of the study Kebeles was sparse. The result of this study also indicated that Ocimum basilicum used traditionally as flavoring and preservative agent, as perfume, as enhancer of concentration while studying or reading, as relieving agent for stress and depressions and as folk medicine in traditional therapies. Based on the traditional use of Ocimum basilicum as base line and other related experimental studies, the essential extracts of Ocimum basilicum used by the local people of the study area might have industrial applications for pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics industries for access and benefit sharing. Although, Ocimum basilicum has high potential for pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics industries, in the study area the farmers and the agricultural sectors give less attention to this sparsely distributed plant. Since Ocimum basilicum is sparsely distributed, any bioprospecting company can access the genetic resource by preparing their own farm or by tissue culture technique. Human activities and the annoying effects of climate change may lead to loss of this species unless appropriate measures are taken into consideration.
Abstract: The genus Ocimum is positioned high among some of the amazing herbs for having vast medicinal potentialities. Ocimum basilicum L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family referred to as the ‘King of Herbs’ has been used extremely as a traditional medicine for various diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the Bioprospecting potential...
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