Incidence of Bovine Brucellosis in Thatta, Sindh-Pakistan
Abdullah Babar,
Adnan Yousaf,
Inayatullah Sarki,
Asghar Subhani
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
92-95
Received:
8 September 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: A study was done to investigate the incidence of Brucella abortus in cattle and buffaloes in Thatta Sindh. A total of n = 360 serum samples were randomly collected from buffaloes and cattle (130 each species). The Rose Bengal Plate Test was used to screen serum samples at first (RBPT). A B. abortus specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent test was performed on RBPT positive samples (i-ELISA). An rPCR was used to investigate the efficacy of detecting Brucella in the blood of infected animals after serum samples were proven to be positive for B. abortus by serology. The effectiveness of an rPCR reported in detecting Brucella at the genus level and later at the species level (B. abortus and B. melitensis) in the serum of sick cattle and buffaloes was investigated. The samples that were verified to be positive via both immunological tests, RBPT and i-ELISA, were submitted to the rPCR for this reason. Initially, rPCR based on the Brucella genus-specific bcsp31 genomic region was utilized. The IS711 genomic region of B. abortus and B. melitensis was discovered using two species-specific rPCRs. By RBPT, 13 serum samples from cattle (10%) and 3 from buffalo (2.31%) were shown to be positive for B. abortus. 8 (6.15%) of the 13 RBPT positive cattle samples also tested positive in i-ELISA, whereas 5 tested negative. The 3 buffalo that tested positive for RBPT then 2 were tested positive for i-ELISA. All 8 seropositive samples had Brucella genus specific rPCR amplification. B. abortus was found in all of the samples using species-specific rPCR.
Abstract: A study was done to investigate the incidence of Brucella abortus in cattle and buffaloes in Thatta Sindh. A total of n = 360 serum samples were randomly collected from buffaloes and cattle (130 each species). The Rose Bengal Plate Test was used to screen serum samples at first (RBPT). A B. abortus specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent test...
Show More
Screening of Secondary Metabolites in Artemisia annua as Potential Inhibitors of Coronavirus Proteases by in silico Approaches
Randriamamisolonirina Tendrinarisoa,
Andriamaroarison Ando Tiana,
Razafindrafara Mirantsoa Suzanne,
Andriantsimahavandy Andriambadanaina Abel,
Rakotosaona Rianasoambolanoro,
Ramanitrahasimbola David,
Rakotonirina Hanitra Clara,
Maminiaina Olivier Fridolin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
96-110
Received:
29 September 2021
Accepted:
25 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: To date, no specific drug has been proven to treat COVID-19. It encourages people to use medicinal plants to treat or protect themselves against these diseases. Artemisia annua is one of the promising plants that have already been used in coronary disease. However, the antiviral compounds present in this plant remain poorly known. In this study, we aimed to identify some of these molecules by in silico approach. During the screening, 102 secondary metabolites of Artemisia annua were selected and the two viral proteins 3CLpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV2 were selected as targets. Then, a preliminary analysis was performed to determine the inhibition capacity of these phytoligands for the two viral proteins. Then, the phytoligands with stronger interaction energy with these target proteins were selected and their physicochemical properties and ADMET profile were analyzed. Consequently, 13 molecules of Artemisia annua, namely Apigenin, Axillarin, Crysoeriol, 8-Hydroxygalangin, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Luteolin-7-methyleter, Quercetagetin-3-4-dimethyleter, Quercetagetin-3-4-dimethyleter, Quercetin-3-methyleter, Quercetin, Rhamnetin, and Tamarixetin can inhibit the two proteases of SARS CoV2. They also have a good physicochemical profile and an ADMET property in the human. These molecules may be compounds promoting an antiviral treatment in Artemisia annua. To complete these results, in vitro tests are necessary.
Abstract: To date, no specific drug has been proven to treat COVID-19. It encourages people to use medicinal plants to treat or protect themselves against these diseases. Artemisia annua is one of the promising plants that have already been used in coronary disease. However, the antiviral compounds present in this plant remain poorly known. In this study, we...
Show More
Biocontrol of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, the Causal Agent of Black Sigatoka of Banana Tree (Musa spp.) Using Biopesticides in Côte d’Ivoire
Tuo Seydou,
Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-Martial,
Camara Brahima,
Ouédraogo Somgnogdin Léonard,
Koné Daouda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
111-123
Received:
1 October 2021
Accepted:
23 November 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) is the most restricting leaf disease to banana tree cultivation around the world. In order to control this disease, synthetic fungicides are extensively used. However, these products pose a real danger to environmental pollution and the health of applicators and consumers. Faced with this situation, alternative solutions must be considered to overcome their systematic use. This study was initiated in this context so as to assess the effectiveness of 20 biopesticide formulations on Mycosphaerella fijiensis conidia stemming from banana tree leaf samples originating from village plantations and showing the typical symptoms of stage 2 or 3 black Sigatoka. The assessment method used was that of dispersion in solid medium. Observations were made under an optical microscope equipped with a camera and consisted in determining the inhibition rates of conidia germ tube growth. A pathogenicity test was performed with 8 Mycosphaerella spp. isolates according to an inoculation technique under controlled conditions on whole plants of 5 banana tree cultivar vivoplants. The assessment of biopesticide protection effectiveness against BLSD was conducted on cultivar "Orishele" (very susceptible) with the most aggressive and virulent strain selected during isolate pathogenicity test. The results obtained show that all biopesticide formulations have significant antifungal activity on M. fijiensis conidia germ tube elongation. The average inhibition rate ranged from 83.31 to 99.89% for all biopesticides. The 8 M. fijiensis isolates used have all raised symptoms characteristic of black leaf streak disease regardless of the cultivar. In contrast, no isolate caused symptoms characteristic of Sigatoka disease (Yellow Sigatoka). Biopesticides and synthetic fungicides significantly reduced disease development rate compared to inoculated and untreated controls, but at varying degrees. Preventive treatment of seedlings is found to be much more effective than curative treatment. However, in order to protect banana and plantain tree varieties against M. fijiensis, both types of treatments are necessary.
Abstract: Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) is the most restricting leaf disease to banana tree cultivation around the world. In order to control this disease, synthetic fungicides are extensively used. However, these products pose a real danger to environmental pollution and the health of applicators and consumers. Faced with this situation, alternative solu...
Show More
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia hirta Leaf Extract and the Determination of Their Antimicrobial Activity
Egbunu Iganya Edith,
Philip Felix Uzor
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
124-129
Received:
25 November 2021
Accepted:
14 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field of science. Nanoparticles get much attention due to their unique physicochemical, optical and thermal activities. Silver nanoparticles have been used in experiments to treat infectious diseases. The goal of the research was to make silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta extract, physically characterize the nanoparticles obtained and, to evaluate silver nanoparticles' antibacterial properties. The leaf extract of E. hirta (asthma weed) was used for the reduction of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to silver nanoparticles (SNPs). SNPs were made by combining 50 mL of aqueous plant extract with 250 mL of AgNO3 solution to make SNPs. The mixture was monitored for two hours. The synthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy and particle size. The antimicrobial activity of the SNPs was tested against Escherichia. coli, Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, Salmonella. typhi, Bacillus. subtilis and Candida. albicans. The reaction medium's hue shifted from yellow to brown. The results of the UV-vis analysis of the particles showed that at 430 nm the particles had the maximum absorption (λ max) within 2 hours. The FTIR identified carboxylic acid and other functional groups. The polydispersity index (PDI) and Z-average particle size were found to be 0.426 and 274 nm, respectively. The results of the antimicrobial studies showed sufficient growth inhibition of the bacteria by the SNPs the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 7 µg-10 µg. It was concluded that SNPs were synthesized using E. hirta leaf extract. The synthesized SNPs possess good activity against pathogenic microorganisms.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field of science. Nanoparticles get much attention due to their unique physicochemical, optical and thermal activities. Silver nanoparticles have been used in experiments to treat infectious diseases. The goal of the research was to make silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta extract, physically characterize the...
Show More
